U.S. Citizenship and Naturalization: Your Questions Answered

When you can apply for citizenship, what is on the naturalization test, traveling while your case is pending, language exemptions and applying with a criminal record.

This page answers the questions green card holders ask when they are thinking about becoming U.S. citizens: when to apply, what the test covers, travel, language exemptions and criminal history. It is for lawful permanent residents preparing the N-400. The answers are general, and some situations, especially involving a criminal record, need individual care.

When can I apply for U.S. citizenship?

Most green card holders can apply after 5 years (or 3 years if married to a U.S. citizen). You must also meet physical presence, residence, and moral character requirements.

What’s on the naturalization test?

The test includes questions about U.S. history, government, and basic English. USCIS provides free study materials.

Can I travel while my naturalization is pending?

Yes, as long as you maintain residency and return in time for your interview and oath ceremony.

Can I pass the test if I don’t speak English well?

You may qualify for a language exemption if you are over a certain age and have had a green card for many years. Claudette can help you check whether you may qualify.

What if I have a criminal record? Can I still apply for citizenship?

It depends on the offense and how long ago it occurred. Some crimes result in a denial or removal. Have your record reviewed by an attorney before filing.

How Claudette helps with this

Claudette checks your eligibility first: how long you have held your green card, your time in the U.S. and trips abroad, and your history. She builds a document plan, prepares the N-400 from your answers, flags answers that could cause trouble, and helps you study for the civics and English tests with practice questions. If any part of your record raises a question, attorney review is available as an optional add-on before you file.